Environmental Threats Essay Example For Students

Ecological Threats Essay Contemporary IssuesEnvironmental threatsOverpopulationEvery 20 minutes, the world includes another 3,500 human lives however loses at least one whole types of creature or vegetation in any event 27,000 species for each year. ZGP July 1999 World populace development topped at around two percent for each year in the mid 1960s. Most recent populace figures show that the pace of development has eased back to 1.33 percent every year, proportional to 78 million individuals per year. UNFPA 1999 The most elevated total populace development rate was 2.04 percent in the late 1960s. This year, it is about 1.31 percent. NY Times World populace development is equal to around three children consistently. UNFPA 99 New occupants include what could be compared to a city the size of San Francisco to total populace each three dayThe total populace is developing quick and the impacts of this are #61623; food deficiencies #61623; weariness of ranch land and soil erosion#61623; inadequate force supplies#6 1623; social un-rest and war #61623; monstrous weight on government assistance framework and national benefits#61623; wrongdoing because of absence of room and employments The world later on will have the option to help less NOT more individuals this is because of deliberately cultivated regions losing there top-soil (the reason is over cultivating), yet the world needs more and not less food so bigger fields are required but rather these huge fields permit soil and wind disintegration to happen all the more rapidly. Composts just accelerate this disintegration for example America (Arizona) land is pointless and dusty in view of the synthetic compounds harming the land. Additionally in spots, for example, Egypt where the water gracefully is flooded from underground water supplies, the water contains mineral salts, which will gradually harm the land. We can say that overpopulation can impact the police in an emotional manner, as the proportion between a cop and the general population is expanding. This can impact the cops efficiency and adequacy in managing wrongdoing. We can say that Public administrations when all is said in done are under-financed, this to some degree can be accused on the measure of individuals not making good on charge (refuge searchers, jobless, O.A.Ps). For example as science develops so do length of years individuals live as portion the financing which is required to keep these individuals (annuity, benefits) which could be spent on Public administrations. The Police Federations research found:London has 25,121 officials, one for each 290 residents, New York has 45,535 one for each 161 residents. Berlin has 27,298 cops one for each 124 of the citys populace. Sheffield, with a populace of more than 500,000, has 972 officials, one for each 545 residents. In Greater Manchester there are 6,851 officials, one for each 376 residents. Residents per cop: Berlin: 124 New York: 161 London: 290 Manchester: 376 Sheffield: 545At the finish of September 2000, there were 124,614 cops in England and Wales. Despite the fact that this was a 0.4% expansion on a half year sooner, there were as yet around 2,500 less cops than when Labor came to control in 1997. In 1999, subsequent to adhering to two years of Conservative spending plans, the administration vowed to finance extra 5,000 officials on typical enrollment. In any case, while the administration says that it has now vowed enough money to manage the overabundance, officials themselves have talked about a confidence emergency in the countries police headquarters. Gordon Brown discharged 24m explicitly to help selecting. Combined with the principal national publicizing effort for the police propelled in August 2000 this additional money has seen the downturn in enrolling stopped. A great many pounds are being squandered on insufficient preparing fo r police officersThe all out yearly expense of preparing the 200,000 police administration staff by the 43 powers and seven National Police Training focuses in England and Wales is up to 400m. The Chartered Institute of Public Finances ; Accountancy (CIPFA) claims that the expense of preparing is 88 every day for each cop. Perception of the Early Childhood EssayGenetic ModificationIndividual qualities of plants, for example, the stature to which wheat develops or the shade of petals, are dictated by their qualities. These qualities, or characteristics, are acquired from age to age. Hereditary alteration (GM) includes duplicating the qualities, which oversee a specific trademark from one creature, and moving them to another. With customary reproducing, characteristics must be moved between plants or creatures of the equivalent or firmly related species. GM empowers characteristics to be moved between various species, and possibly even among creatures and plants. For instance, Bt maize has been hereditarily altered to make it produce a protein from the bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis. This protein executes the corn borer creepy crawly, which, in different nations, is a significant danger to maize crops. It is guaranteed, developing these GM yields can decrease utilization of bug sprays and herbicides. Different characteristics, which could be acquainted with crops utilizing GM innovation, incorporate infection opposition, improved dietary benefit and the capacity to get by in dry season, flood or ice conditions. GM crops are broadly developed in the remainder of the world. In 1998 roughly 27 million hectares of GM crops were become around the world (barring China); seventy five percent in the US. The other significant cultivators are Argentina, Canada and China and critical development is unavoidable in Mexico and South Africa. GM crops are currently being developed either in field preliminaries or on a business scale in more than 40 nations including Nicaragua, Honduras, Swaziland and Vietnam. In Europe business developing of GM Bt maize is as of now in progress in Spain, France and Germany. Despite the fact that GM crops are not developed monetarily in the UK, fixings from GM soya and GM maize crops have arrived at the market here. They originate from the US, as does the tomato puree produced using GM tomatoes. GM riots impacts the police as of late there have been new dread over these harvests, we have additionally observed the pulverization of the farmland, which contains these yields. The pubic assistance area could see an ascent to a super bug, in the event that this occurs, at that point the NHS could be overwhelmed and unfit to adapt. Tony Blair has recognized that hereditarily adjusted nourishments could be a wellbeing hazard in a paper article, Blair stated, he perceived that there was authentic open worry over GM food sources, both as far as human security and for the earth. Hereditarily adjusted food (GM) is another method of creating nourishments by taking DNA from one animal varieties and embeddings it into another. There has been no drawn out wellbeing tests did and now and again security exhortation has been over-dominated. The wellbeing impacts of eating GM nourishments are obscure The British Medical Association accepts that any end upon the security of bringing hereditarily altered materials into the UK is untimely, as there is deficient proof to illuminate the dynamic procedure at present.There are worried that utilization of the maize will prompt an expanded protection from anti-infection agents in human and creature populaces. The testing did on GM nourishments is deficient. Frequently the testing is completed by the organizations themselves that look to profit monetarily from the item. Discharging hereditarily altered creatures into nature speaks to hereditary contamination. There are for quite some time held worries about the exchange from hereditarily designed harvest plants to wild family members to make superweeds, which could out-contend and upset the normal biodiversity of a territory. Numerous GM crops are additionally ready to crossbreed with neighboring harvests. Government research reasoned that crossbreeding would be inescapable. Pundits contend that we don't think enough about the manner in which qualities work and cooperate to make ce rtain of what the result of any alteration will be. They stress that the changes could coincidentally prompt substances that are harmful or trigger hypersensitivities.

Britain the Great

Incredible Britain is a little, apparently immaterial island that had the option to transcend every other person, and set up perhaps the best realm throughout the entire existence of the world. As a little topographical element, Great Britain profited by its association with the close by regions, making a more grounded power that would be perceived in the European district as well as everywhere throughout the world. Extraordinary Britain promoted from its political associations of a few Kingdoms. In 1603 under the Union of Crowns, England and Scotland politically brought together, and in 1707 the parliaments of the two consolidated, consequently making the Kingdom of Great Britain.One can consider this politically association as a significant advance in the ascent to intensity of Great Britain. Rather than being distant from everyone else, it decided to bring together the close by realms into one impressive force. Through this political unification, the little realm helpfully became bigger, with more individuals to oversee and more capacity to move. Incredible Britain’s political activities were all key moves that it decided to make so as to guarantee of an increasingly powerful, longer enduring standard. It didn't forfeit any of its immense property; rather it decided to brace its relations to different realms by at last imparting to one another through a political union.It is Great Britain’s advantage when it did as such, as it dispensed with rivalry which would have compromised the Kingdom’s presence. Extraordinary Britain’s ascend to control is the result of fantastic political strategic maneuvers and moving, giving them the benefit of whatever circumstance they may confront. They have joined with different realms to make a force that would equal other enormous domains, and the political choices it has made were in support of their favorable position. Reference: GreatBritain. co. uk. â€Å"Great Britain †Uk Information Guid e. † http://www. incredible england. co. uk/file. htm.

Good Persuasive Essay Topics For Middle School

Good Persuasive Essay Topics For Middle SchoolGood persuasive essay topics for middle school are important. The number of people reading your essay in class can be a determining factor in whether you will graduate from middle school. That being said, it is wise to read a little more about persuasive essay topics for middle school and give them some serious thought before submitting an essay.You have to be well prepared for what you are going to write. You should know what is expected of you as well as what are the common persuasive essay topics for middle school students. Being familiar with these topics before you start your writing will give you a general idea on what they are like and what they are going to involve. This will also help you determine if your topic is applicable to the school setting.One of the most common persuasive essay topics for middle school students is making the teacher's job easier. Here, you use simple concepts and reasoning to make the teacher feel that h e/she has been doing his/her job correctly. As a teacher, it would be a good idea to make it easy for the children to understand your instructions as well as the instruction of other students in the class.Another persuasive essay topics for middle school students is a way of keeping your class focused on the assignment at hand. Here, you use general concepts such as positive thinking and energy to help get the students to focus on the course material instead of thinking about other things. This is a good way to motivate the students to get a good grade.This last category of persuasive essay topics for middle school students is learning about leadership. Some forms of leadership are very difficult to understand for children. Instead of having the class walk out in protest due to frustration, teach them how to learn through their own self-learning and allow the kids to lead.Most people want to lead their lives and they want to be on top but they have no idea about the fundamentals of leadership or about general principles such as honesty, respect, caring for others, teamwork, passion, etc. This is a great subject for middle school students to learn about as a way of helping them grow into mature adults.These are just a few of the general persuasive essay topics for middle school students. There are hundreds of other topics that you can discuss. It is really up to you on what topic to write about for your essay.While you may think that middle school is a boring time of year, it is very possible to make it interesting. Use the resources available to learn about the different persuasive essay topics for middle school students.

The Large Movements of Volatility Spreading by the European Monetary union - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1394 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? Over the last months, European Monetary Union (EMU) countries have experienced large movements in their spreads with an unrecorded degree of volatility. Academic research consensuses agree these movements havent been the result of the same causes over time; for instance, at the beginning of the crisis investors required higher premiums, making the market price of risk increase. There were a preference for few riskier assets, making sovereign securities the favorites at the expense of corporate bonds and other riskier assets; therefore, it creates a new vision and a higher degree of differentiation among financial assets. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Large Movements of Volatility Spreading by the European Monetary union" essay for you Create order According to Elizalde Gallo (2008), during the second half of 2007, spreads levels increased because of market turbulence, instead of the risk to default. Credit markets experienced a flight-from-quality phenomenon which increased the perceived credit risk of the safest credit instruments. Moreover, Bernoth, Von Hagen and Schuknecht (2004) conclude that in time of uncertainty, investors move to safer and more liquid assets because of risk aversion. The crisis has increased sovereign risk causing greater budget deficits and stopping the potential growth of the country. At the beginning of the crisis the countries which suffer most because of it were the only one which increased their sovereign credit risk premiums, later on, spreads started to increase in countries highly indebted but with weak fundamentals. Crises increase the pressure on countrys indebtedness and at the same time they make more difficult to sovereign to fulfil debt commitments because of the decreasing path in s overeign economic growth they create. Moreover, because of the existence cross-border spillovers, the transmission of sovereign risk threatens the global financial stability. This paper is based on the methodology developed by Caceres, Guzzo and Segoviano (2010) and it reviews how sovereign swap spreads in the euro area can be discomposed on measures of sovereigns fundamentals (sovereign-specific fiscal situation), global risk aversion and contagion. Additionally, we are going to assess how each of those components have affected the spreads during the current financial crisis, putting special emphasis on the Greek crisis, which has affected many European countries lately. The first component, developed in Espinoza and Segoviano (2010), explores the index of global risk aversion (IGRA) component. IGRA allows us to use CDS spreads in computing probabilities of default by typify the market price of risk relied on risk aversion. The second component is contagion, distress dependence, or Spillover coefficient (SC). SC is developed by Segoviano and Goodhart (2009), and it characterizes the probability of distress of a country conditional on other countries (in the sample) becoming distressed. The third component, country-specific fundamentals (CSF), is obtained by each countrys stock of public debt and budget deficit as a share of GDP. The goal of this paper is may be divided in three parts (i) to probe the approach functionality and accuracy in discomposing spreads regarding each factor (ii) to analyze sovereign risk transmission progress since crisis started, (iii) to broad the spectrum of the original research including recent information. For this goal, we are going to consider our reference period is from July 2007 to date. The structure of the paper is as follows: section III introduces the advantages of the model, section IV develops the theoretical framework around the model, section V describes the estimation model, section VI Describes the Data set t o be use, section VII develops the empirical test, section VIII Describe results, section IX conclusions. The choice of the sovereigns included in the study was based mostly not only on the importance to understand what factors have been most relevant in explaining the distress that Euro Area countries have experienced after the Greek event, but also on data availability. Our study is including ten of the twelve original countries included in the EMU. These countries are Germany, France, Italy, Spain, Netherlands, Belgium, Austria, Greece, Ireland and Portugal. Finland and Luxemburg were excluded because of lack of long and reliable CDS spread information. III. ADVANTAGES OF THE MODEL Although there is previous literature, the approach to be reviewed provides useful insights into the analysis of sovereign spreads by discomposing them onto (i) global risk aversion, (ii) sovereign fundamentals and (iii) contagion. Global risk aversion. There is more research trying to asses the impact of risk aversion; however some of the former papers use proxies affected by other factors resulting in inaccurate conclusions (Codogno et al, 2003). The advantage of all these methods is that they are based in observable measures; therefore information is readily accessible. Other papers, for instance, try to extract the risk-aversion component from sovereign spreads series; therefore, depending on the sample. Segoviano, Caceres, Guzzo (2010) measure of risk aversion is based on the methodology developed by Segoviano, Espinoza (2010) which bigger advantage is that it is independent of the data sample Sovereign fundamentals. We are going to use sovereigns stock of public debt ad budget deficit as a share if GDP. Using linear interpolation on quarterly data, we get daily series. Contagion. Another innovation in the study. The spillover coefficient (SC) is the measure of distress dependence where contagion comes from. SC characterizes the probability of one sovereign getting distressed conditional on other countries getting distressed. SC is a methodology developed by Caceres, Guzzo and Segoviano, (2010) and it is based on Goodhart, Segoviano (2009). Spillover is particularity important under a specific environment such as the EMU. The dependence among sovereigns the spillover coefficient is measuring includes among others trade, capital flows, and contingent liabilities (macro-financial linkages) among them. Contingent liabilities are important, since a sovereign in distress within the EMU becomes a contingent liability to the others. Previous research argues movement in spreads is caused for the level of short-term interest rates due to a strong corr elation not only between interest rates and government bonds spreads, but also between spreads of corporate and government bonds (Manganelli and Wolswijk (2007). They argue that because of low interest rates, investments on the government bond market increased and spreads narrowed; however, during the crisis in 2007, it was not the case. While spreads kept widening, interest rate were historically low; therefore, one of the important questions become, what is driving this spreads-movement if not interest rates?. To include measures or global risk aversion and contagion in the analysis of sovereign swaps spreads makes from this methodology a reliable and innovative alternative. Knowing what are the factors affecting the movements in the spreads and the specific nature of risk transmission into the EMU is a crucial point for decision-making, for instance, sovereign spreads might exhibit movements without any considerable change in their fundamentals. Within the EMU environment, a weak sovereigns fundamentals concern all others, because the sovereign in distress is going to be supported by the rest of the Union. Sovereigns monetary and fiscal policies have a huge impact in government bond yields; therefore bond yields do not allow us to get accurately the default risk premium. Instead, it is proposed to look Credit Default Swap rates (CDS), spread on bonds denominated in the same currency (in this case EURO) or interest rate swap spreads. Any of the proposed options have advantages and disadvantages; however, because of the interest rate swap market is one of the most liquid and because it was one of the first financial markets following the creation of the European Union, Segoviano, Caceres and Guzzo (2010) defined swap spreads as the measure for sovereign default risk for their methodology. To illustrate the importance of the methodology, it is important to describe the findings resulted from its development. For research purposes, Caceres, Guzzo and Sego viano (2010), divided the last global financial crisis in four phases. They defined these phases according to common behavior among sovereigns. The four phases are (i) Financial crisis buildup (July 2007-2008), (ii) Systematic outbreak (October 2008 March 2009), (iii) Systematic response (April 2009 October 2009), (iv) Sovereign risk (November 2009 March 2010). Their finding can be summarizing as follows: Financial crisis buildup (July 2007-2008). Sovereigns such as France and Germany were benefited by increase in risk aversion due to investors behavior to look for safer assets. For other sovereigns, spreads widened Systematic outbreak (October 2008 March 2009). Austria, Belgium, Ireland and Netherlands, sovereigns with financial systems and other concerns, started to struggle. Systematic response (April 2009 October 2009). Risk aversion felt due to policies to support banks. Swap spreads started to narrow. Sovereign risk (November 2009 March 2010). Spillovers and worsening fundamentals among countries with fiscal concerns like Spain, Portugal, Greece and Italy started to have effects and their spreads widened.

The Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain - 874 Words

Always Do Right. This Will Gratify Some People and Astonish the Rest (as qtd. in â€Å"Famous Twain Quotes† 1). Mark Twain’s virtuous dedication in this quote is only the surface of his expressed ideas on morality. In his extensive literary work, Twain has frequently used the morality of his characters and the methods of their moral progressions as central themes. Such as with The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, the moral progression of Huck himself is notably displayed. In the novel, Mark Twain posits that morals come from one’s experience primarily and mocks morals that come from the church, all despite claims that the most prominent and auspicious source is the community. Consistently throughout the novel, Huckleberry Finn experiences a†¦show more content†¦That development shows one’s experience playing the largest role in one’s morals. In the novel, the church lies in opposition to one’s experience. Majorly the target of Twain’s derision throughout the novel, the church is a typically ineffective and insubstantial moral source. The Grangerford versus Shepherdson feud is a setting in which a certain sermon about the stark opposite theme of the feud is ironically placed in the middle of it. As Huck describes it, this â€Å"[p]retty ornery preaching - all about brotherly love† (Twain 83) is a tactic of blatant juxtaposition. The hypocritical acceptance of the sermon by the families while continuing the conflict is an explicit illustration by Twain of the typically weightless, hollow morals conveyed by organized religion. Twain continues his mocking of the Church through another depiction of a hysterical spiritual meeting in Arkansas. The â€Å"just crazy and wild† (Twain 99) crowd inspired by the concurrent religious speech and the demagogy of the king and duke is meant to display the commu nity’s gullibility in the vanguard. Twain uses the hysteria as another negative example of the vacuous mortality of the church and their frenzied followers. Regardless of Twain s points on the precedence of one’s experience in morality, opposing views state the community possesses greater presence andShow MoreRelatedThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain830 Words   |  3 PagesThe Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is â€Å"A Great American Novel†, because of its complexity and richness. Twain writes dialogue that brings his characters to life. He creates characters with unique voice and helps the reader connect to the book. Anyone who reads it is forced to develop feelings for each character. Even though there is a great amount of controversy over the use of some choices, such as the â€Å"n word†, it makes the book more realistic. In the beginning of the novel Huck,Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1103 Words   |  5 PagesDmitri Van Duine Jr English Mr. Nelson November 27th The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn: Huck Finn and Tom Sawyer The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Written by Mark Twain filled his stories with many examples of satire as to convey a message while also writing an interesting story. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn revolves around the adventures of a young boy called Huckleberry Finn, who is about thirteen years old. Tom Sawyer is Huck’s best friend and around the same age as Huck. He is onlyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesZambrano Mrs. Patmor AP Lit-Period 5 28 September 2016 Adventures of Huckleberry Finn 1835 Mark Twain embodies realism in almost every aspect of his writing not excluding The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, which in he portrays such a lifelike setting that it almost gives you this sense of reality through the point of view of a young man that has an urge for freedom yet struggles to conform to society s norms due to his adolescence. Twain s ability to unmask the true identities of the charactersRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain931 Words   |  4 PagesWolski Mrs. Goska English 2H Period 3 22 October 2014 The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Mob mentality is the way an individual’s decisions become influenced by the often unprincipled actions of a crowd. Mark Twain penned The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. Twain grew up in America’s southern states during the early 1800’s, a time in which moral confusion erupted within the minds of humans. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn s protagonist is a young boy named Huck who freely travels alongRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1375 Words   |  6 Pagesmention the years spent growing and maturing physically. Teenagers are stuck in an inbetween state where they must learn who they want to become and what they want to be when they grow older. The same is true for Huckleberry Finn, from the book â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain. This is a book that was written in a time of great confusion over moral codes and standards. It was a world split in half by two different worlds of people; those who opposed, a nd those who promoted slavery.Read MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain2083 Words   |  9 PagesSatire in Huckleberry Finn In the novel â€Å"The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn† by Mark Twain, we are told a story about a young boy and his slave companion’s journey down the Mississippi River and all of their encounters with other characters. Twain constructed a beautiful narrative on how young Huck Finn, the protagonist in the story, learns about the world and from other adult characters, how he is shaped into his own person. At the time this book was made however, this novel provided serious socialRead MoreMark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn1575 Words   |  6 Pages Mark Twain and The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn Controversy Mark Twain, born Samuel Langhorne Clemens, is a highly recognizable figure in American literature. Born in Florida, Missouri Mark Twain and his family moved to Hannibal, Missouri where Twain discovered and fell in love with the mighty Mississippi River. The river and his life in Hannibal became his inspiration and guiding light in most of his writing. Although Twain loved the river and did a great deal of traveling, he eventuallyRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1005 Words   |  5 Pages In the Adventures of Huckleberry Finn written by Mark Twain in the 19th century is about a young boy named Huck Finn and Jim, a runaway slave who go on an adventure. The two travel on a raft along the Mississippi river creating a bond and making memories. Mark Twain presents Huckleberry Finn as a dynamic character who at first views Jim as property and eventually considers Jim as a friend, showing a change in maturity. In the beginning of the book, Huck Finn clearly sees Jim as nothing more thanRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain1335 Words   |  6 Pagesyear The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn is placed in the top ten banned books in America. People find the novel to be oppressing and racially insensitive due to its frequent use of the n-word and the portrayal of blacks as a Sambo caricature. However, this goes against Mark Twain’s intent of bringing awareness to the racism in America. The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain is classified under the genre of satire and is narrated by a fictional character named Huckleberry Finn. The novelRead MoreThe Adventures Of Huckleberry Finn By Mark Twain810 Words   |  4 PagesBefore Mark Twain started to write two of his most famous novels, The Adventures of Tom Sawyer and Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, Mark was known to use his characters to display his own thoughts and opinions. â€Å"This device allowed him to s ay just about anything he wanted, provided he could convincingly claim he was simply reporting what others had said.† (Twain, 1283). Mark Twain used this process to be a foundation of his lectures, by manipulating his popularly with his readers. During the story

Edexcel Igcse Economics Answer - 49663 Words

Answers: Section A: The Market System Chapter 1 (a) In all of the photographs goods are being traded. In A, people are buying goods from market traders in a souq. In B, goods are being sold by auction. In C, shoppers are buying goods from a supermarket. And finally, in D, cars are being bought at a car lot. (b) In C, shoppers queuing at a checkout will pay the price that is displayed on the labels of products (or at the point of sale). Shoppers will either pay the price shown or choose not to buy the various products. In D, the price is determined through negotiation between the car salesperson and the buyer. There is likely to be a price displayed for the car but this is usually a starting point for negotiations to begin. The†¦show more content†¦Demand is forcing up the price. On the other hand, if there are only a few bids this means that demand is low and the price of the product will also be low. If there are no bids at all this means that there is no demand and the product will go unsold. Sometimes on eBay there may be lots of people selling the same or very similar products. This means that supply is high and the effect will be to lower prices. Chapter 2 Getting started: (a) According to the table, when the price of fleeces is $50, 5,000 fleeces will be purchased per week. (b) As the price of fleeces goes up the number purchased per week falls. For example, when the price is increased from $50 to $70 the number of fleeces likely to be purchased falls from 5,000 to 3,000. (c) When the price of fleeces is lowered, the number purchased per week rises. For example, if the price is reduced from $50 to $40 the number of fleeces likely to be purchased rises from 5,000 to 6,000. Question 1: (a) If the rugby union club charges 40 Euros for a fixture, the attendance would be 5,000. (b) To fill the stadium the price must be set at 10 Euros. At 10 Euros 30,000 spectators would be attracted. This is full capacity. Exam practice – The Byron Bay Surf Shack: (a) Effective demand shows how much would be bought (i.e. how much people can afford to buy and would actually buy) at any given price. It does not mean how much people would like to buy

Springfield Master Planned Community Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Springfield Master Planned Community. Answer: Introduction Over the past decades, with the overall increasing global population and changes in the lifestyles and standard of life of people across the world, there have been considerable changes in terms of the demands of types of housings among residents in the global scenario. Keeping the aspects of greater conveniences of the residents and better utilization of scarce land resources and other resources in consideration the concept of planned community has been gradually coming into existence in the contemporary periods and the same has already developed in many countries including the USA, the UK, Australia and others[1]. The term Planned Community refers to a kind of residential development where the overall infrastructure, consisting of housings, roads, natural resources, stores, connectivity and other amenities of life, is designed with care such that together they can make living in these communities convenient and easy. In general, planned communities are developed in such a way that apart from well-equipped houses, all the other facilities required for a better quality of life, like shopping centers, health care centers, schools, etc. are present within a small perimeter. In this context, several such communities are being developed in Australia, of which the one in the Springfield Lakes region of the country, specifically the Greater Springfield, is considered to be one of the best master planned community being developed in the recent times. Developed from scratch, in the previously underdeveloped but natural resource and greenery rich Springfield Lake region, these planned community have suff icient greeneries and natural resources as well as robust connectivity with the urban areas, so as to facilitate the different everyday activities of the residents, both personal as well as professional. The Springfield planned community region provides a host of facilities, which are targeted to increase the convenience of the personal as well as professional lives of those who tend to reside in this region. However, there also remains some aspects on which the planners need to emphasize further so as to make the planned community even more appealing to the potential clients. These are discussed in the following sections. Pros of residing in the Springfield Master Planned Community There are widespread benefits of staying in planned community in the Springfield region of Australia, few of the primary ones being discussed in this essay. The primary benefit of staying in planned community is the presence of almost all the amenities required for a healthy, enjoyable and productive lifestyle within manageable distances. This allows the residents to live a hassle free life, where they do not need to travel long distances and bear the burden of traffic and wastage of time to get the basic requirements of their life[2]. The Springfield planned community, though situated in off route area, can be seen to be usually of all the amenities like communication, grocery stores, internet facilities, health care facilities and entertainment resources, which facilities better lifestyle. The community also has access to schools, health care centers, emergency services and a host of transport and communication facilities with other parts of the country, as can be seem from their r oute map: Another positive implication of planned communities is the presence of higher securities as a whole. Considering the fact that in the contemporary period the family structures have been reducing in size and the overall criminal activities in the society, the protection of people, especially the vulnerable share of population, inclusive of children, elderly people and women becomes an issue of immense concern. The Springfield commuunity, in this aspect, has provisions of providing a more secured environment for the residents, with high end security features and patrolling guards around the residential facilities. It is also found to be equipped with basic health care services, also ensure health securities of the elderly residents to a considerable extent. This makes the planned community in Springfield even more appealing to the new age nuclear families where the security of the elderly people as well as that of the children is one of the primary requirements which the families seek while looking for an accommodation. The provision of shared amenities also adds to the advantages of residing in planned communities. In case of living in ad hoc residential facilities, people need to buy all their requirements individually, thereby making it expensive and constricting their choices. This also leads to inefficient usage of scarce resources. Springfield on the other hand has built up different necessary as well as recreational facilities which are available to its residing members, provided that the maintenance fees are paid by all of them. There remain provisions for all the members to enjoy all the amenities which include schools, community centers, walking trails, care units and others[4]. The presence of proper management also helps in proper and hassle free regular maintenance of the properties, which decreases the burden on the members individually. This also increases the efficiency of utilization of resources in the planned community, thereby contributing positively to the overall economy. The residents of Springfield Lakes also get the chance to socialize and live in a friendly neighborhood, which improves their quality of life. There also remains provision of vehicle parking, cycle routes, parks and community recreation centers for a better quality of life of the residents. Thus, from the above discussion it can be asserted that there remains several positive implications for the families, especially the modern nuclear ones, with children and adult members, to buy properties in the master planned community in the Springfield Lake region. The comfort, presence of amenities and high security inside as well as outside the community accounts for the same. However, the community does have several negative implications too, unlike what is portrayed in its advertisements, which are discussed in the following section. Cons of residing in Springfield Master Planned Community However, in spite of the presence of huge facilities and benefits of residing in the equipped and integrated planned community in Springfield, there remain several drawbacks of the same. One of the primary issues, which the potential residents face while trying to buy properties in this planned community, is the issue of high maintenance fees and HOA fees. The master planned community in the Springfield Lake region, is one of the best in the country inclusive of all the necessary as well as luxurious amenities[5]. However, these conveniences, which are enjoyed by the residents in this community, do not come free of cost and the residents are required to pay maintenance fees on a regular basis. These fees are often high as compared to normal residences, thereby creating a tradeoff between convenience and savings for the residents. Apart from the problem of high fees, the problem of externalities also exist in planned communities, where the level of individual freedom and privacy is considerably low and there also remains the problem of others determining the way of living of an individuals. Springfield is not an exception to this. In spite of its lavish expanse and beautifully created and maintained residences and amenities like parks and community areas, the residents still feel the absence of freedom to a considerable extent, due to the strict rules which the management imposes regarding the maintenance of the properties as well as in the aspects of discipline and welfare of the other residents. This restricts the creativity of the residents. The elderly people and the children have lesser contact with the outer world and needs to stay in the societies for longer time. Therefore, these people are negatively affected by the presence of such restrictions in the Springfield community. Recommendations and Conclusion Springfield planned community is one of the primary ones currently operating in the geographical boundaries of Australia. Much of the popularity of the community is attributed to the facilities it provides to its residents, the robust communication and transport networks, the school, health care, grocery stores in the walking distance and also the high security within the community. There, however remains a scope of improvement in the delivery of the services of the same in terms of cost effectiveness and the overall fees structure, the reduction of which may help in increasing the number of potential residents in these planned communities, thereby increasing the cost efficiency of the same. Addressing the drawbacks present in the infrastructure of the Springfield community can help in increasing the conveniences and the welfare of the families living in the community, by catering more to their specific needs. References McMahon, Edward,Master Planned Communities: What Does The Future Look Like? - Urban Land Magazine(2018) Urban Land Magazine https://urbanland.uli.org/development-business/master-planned-communities-what-does-the-future-look-like/ PART 14SPRINGFIELD STRUCTURE PLAN(2018) Ipswichplanning.com.au https://www.ipswichplanning.com.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0013/2065/ips_part_14_springfield_structure_plan.pdf Qm.com.au,Top 10 Most Wanted List For Master Planned Communities(2018) QM Properties https://www.qm.com.au/top-10-wanted-list-master-planned-communities/ Springfield Lakes Community Vision - Lendlease(2018) Communities.lendlease.com https://communities.lendlease.com/springfield-lakes/living-in-springfield-lakes/community-vision/ The Pros And Cons Of Planned Communities(2018) Actforlibraries.org https://www.actforlibraries.org/the-pros-and-cons-of-planned-communities-3/

Market Failure Food Adulteration in Bangladesh Essay Example

Market Failure: Food Adulteration in Bangladesh Essay Market Failure * Adulteration in Food Industry Submitted to: Mr. Sheikh Morshed Jahan Associate Professor Course Instructor Bangladesh Studies Submitted by: Samia Khan (RQ 16) Adel Mostaque Ahmed (ZR 22) Ahnaf Zabee (ZR 35) Rituraj Baidya (ZR 56) Institute of Business Administration University of Dhaka April 9, 2012 Table of Contents Market failure3 Food adulteration in Bangladesh3 Mouthwatering looks:4 Endurance:4 Examples of food adulteration5 The consequences:6 The awareness issue:6 Penalties7 The Solution8 Conclusion8 Market failure Market failure is a concept within economic theory describing when the allocation of goods and services by a free market is not efficient. That is, there exists another conceivable outcome where a market participant may be made better off without making someone else worse-off. Market failures can be viewed as scenarios where individuals pursuit of pure self-interest leads to results that are not efficient – that can be improved upon from the societal point-of-view. Food adulteration in Bangladesh Food adulteration is the process of adding chemical substances with foods, which should not be contained within food and beverages. Chemical substances or simply adulterants may be added to substances to reduce manufacturing costs, or for some deceptive or malicious purpose. When profit in business is more important than morality, then it is possible to add the poisoning contents to the foods and beverages. A limited number of people may die without foods but a large population has been suffering from complicated diseases related to food adulteration, which may be even lead to death in future. Adulterated food consuming is the waiting for death, which is a worse punishment than death. Food adulteration has become a major problem in Bangladesh. Vegetables, fish, milk, fruit, and sweetmeats nothing is safe, and is being sold in the market profusely. However, the adulteration that affects the consumers directly comes from restaurants. The restaurants are using toxic chemicals like formalin and textile dye stuffs in preserving foods, which play havoc in health system. Most of the country’s population, especially women and children would be the worst victim if the authorities fail to stop food adulteration. We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure: Food Adulteration in Bangladesh specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure: Food Adulteration in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Market Failure: Food Adulteration in Bangladesh specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The number of people afflicted by cancer and other chronic diseases due to taking of adulterated foods has of late gone up to such an alarming level that some people have even stopped buying many essential nutritious foods and vegetables other than some basic food grains, for mere survival, that they assume are not adulterated. Mouthwatering looks: There is a special demand for fresh good-looking foods among customers and they are willing to pay extra just for the look. However, we need to be cautious because, Consumer Association of Bangladesh (CAB) confirmed that wholesalers use several mechanisms to make foods attractive. In their study, it came out that in most cases the spices are mixed with brick dust, cumin is mixed with sawdust, and sugar syrup is added with honey to enhance the sweetness. Dishonest traders use a host of ingredients such as animal fat, palm oil, potato mash and vegetable oil to produce fake butter oil. In another study, the Food and Nutrition Institution, University of Dhaka6 have found alarming level of deadly bacteria like E-coli, Salmonella and Shigella bacteria in most of the restaurant food and street food in the city. Many street food vendors and restaurants recycle burnt cooking oil for frying food items. Once the oil is used for cooking, it becomes oxidized and its further use generates peroxide, which is very harmful for the human body. Endurance: It is a challenge to keep fresh produces, meats and fish for a longer time in Bangladesh. Most of the traders do not have freezing vans or climate control storage facility to ensure the quality of the food. However, many traders came up with unusual ideas to keep their products intact for longer time that pose a long-term health risk to the consumers. Restaurant owners use this technique to reduce their raw material purchasing cost. Often formaldehyde is sprayed to fruits and fishes to keep them fresh for longer duration. Some other examples of food adulteration Views about the proportion of adulterated food items on the market vary between 70 and 90 percent. More than 76 percent food items on the market were found adulterated in a random survey by Public Health Laboratory of Dhaka City Corporation in 2004. There are approximately 150 food items in the country, said SK Roy, a senior scientist at the International Centre for Diarrheal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR, B). Roy said that brick dust is applied in chili powder; urea is used to whiten rice and puffed rice; sawdust in loose tea; soap in Ghee; and artificial sweetener, coal tar, and textile dyes in sweetmeats. Formalin applied on fish, fruit, meat, and milk causes throat cancer, blood cancer, childhood asthma, and skin diseases, he said. Poisonous coloring agents like aura mine, rhodomine B, malachite green, yellow G, allura red, and Sudan red applied on food items for coloring, brightness, and freshness damage liver and kidney, and cause stomach cancer, asthma, and bladder cancer, said Roy. Coloring agents chrome, tartzine, and erythrosine are used in spices, sauces, juices, lentils, and oils causing cancer, allergy, and respiratory problem. Calcium carbide may lead to cancer in kidney, liver, skin, prostate, and lungs. Rye flour used in barley, bread, and wheat flour contribute to convulsion and miscarriage. Hormone used in cauliflower causes infertility of women. Agino moto or monosodium glutamate used in Chinese restaurant food items cause nervous system disorder and depression. Urea put in puffed rice and rice causes nervous system damage and respiratory problem. Sulphuric acid used in milk for condensation causes damage to the cardiac system. Application of excessive and unauthorized pesticides also cause contamination of food, he said adding that additives used for making food items attractive can be lethal if those are cancerous. However, some permitted preservatives, thickening agents, gelling agents, antioxidants, and stabilizers could be harmless if applied in appropriate quantity, said Roy. Food grains, vegetables, and fish also are contaminated by industrial pollution of the soil, air, and water, he said. Burnt engine oil is used to fry Jilapi, while artificial fragrance is applied on flours, said Khalil Ahmed, executive magistrate of Dhaka City Corporation, who operates a mobile court against adulterated foods in the capital. The consequences: The long-term consequences of consuming chemical treated food items will be devastating. The children would be the worst affected group among all if they eat chemical mixed food items. Formaldehyde causes various gastro-intestinal disorders if consumed for long. Most of the chemicals may result in long-term skin diseases, damage lungs and kidneys and some of them can develop cancers. BSTI revealed that about 1,000 drinking water factories exist in the country, only 400 of which have licenses from the BSTI. Bottlers of drinking water factories have mushroomed with little regard to compliance of standard or BSTI license. Despite BSTI cancelling the licenses of 139 bottling factories in the last 18 months, there has been news of setting up of new factories in new locations. The result: children and aged people are facing constant threat of diseases even with the bottled water produced by these factories. The awareness issue: The depressing part is that most of the traders or producers using chemicals in foods are not aware of its long-term impact on human body and surrounding environment. The only driver, which motivates them, is the additional income on sales. Many of them even do not know the name of the chemicals they are spraying on the foods to speed-up the ripening process. They just go to the pharmacy and they get the medicine without any permit. Besides, contaminated food once consumed does not result quickly in human body. Over time, these chemicals slowly turn a human body into an ideal host for deadly diseases and sometimes result in the development of cancer and other fatal diseases. Nevertheless, the government along with media is trying to improve the awareness condition with many activities. The most successful initiative to date was the anti adulteration drive led by a mobile court. This drive started back in 2007 with a team that included a magistrate, media partners and police. For two consecutive years, the drive was a success and the magistrate Rokon-Ud-Dowla became a celebrity. During that time, the mobile court unveiled most of the adulteration mechanisms used by traders and producers. Since the drive was not backed by a comprehensive plan; later when politically challenged; the effectiveness diluted eventually. Penalties The Pure Food Act 1959 that prosecutes offenders of food adulteration has a ludicrously low penalty of Tk. 200. In spite of the nominal fine, the amount realized from the mobile court drives has been enormous. In 2012, a vigilance team of National Consumers Right Protection Directorate has realized taka two lakh and six thousand as fine from different hotels, restaurants and fast food shops for selling adulterated and rotten foods in the International Trade Fair at Sher-e-Bangla Nagar. * Kentucky Fried Chicken (KFC) was sued in Dhaka due to its use of adulterated vegetable oil to prepare high cost food this year. Authority says KFC out lets of Dhaka and Chittagong have taken no step to maintain standard of foods though many of those were fined for sub-standard foods and unhygienic condition of their kitchens. On August 7, 2011, a mobile court for food in Chittagong found rotten vegetables and tomatoes in their (KFC’s) refrigerator, and found that their salad packets do not have information about the compositions and nutrition facts. Later the court fined BDT 25,000, but said they are punishing minimally only to warn them, KFC should be careful about their quality. 11 BSTI sources revealed that it conducted 1,039 mobile courts across the country in seven months from July 2010 to February 2011 and detected rampant malpractice and adulteration in the food production centers. Some Tk. 23. million were realized as fine during the drives while 1,086 cases were filed and 66 people were sent to jail. 7 The Solution The best solution to reduce adulteration is transparency and regulation. If the process of food produ cers is exposed, they will be forced to provide the customers with good healthy and hygienic food. Some of the solutions could be: * Return of Mobile Court: As mentioned previously, the anti-adulteration mobile court led by Rokon-ud-Dawla was a huge success. It made the restaurants show their true face. The mobile court still exists and has recently found adulterated oil at a KFC outlet. However, many more small and large restaurants have such complaints against them. Therefore, the mobile court’s activity needs to be more widespread and regular. It may also be led by a permanent organization. With such activity restaurant owners will have to be aware about healthy food. * The Transparent Window: The transparent window is a concept where the customers will be able to see the kitchen of a restaurant to ensure hygiene. The kitchen should not be made completely open to public, as restaurants may not want to show their recipe. A completely open kitchen is also vulnerable to dust and therefore unhygienic. Therefore, every kitchen should have a large transparent window through which customers themselves will be able to judge whether the kitchen is hygienic enough. This will directly affect the restaurants as they always look forward to satisfying their customers. * Tax Cut: Restaurants should have an evaluation system governed by the monitoring/regulatory committee. The current VAT rate for restaurants is 15%. If a restaurant gets a full-marks review from that committee the restaurant may be charged with a lesser VAT – say 12. 5%. This will be a great way to motivate restaurant owners to making healthy food. Owners will, to a certain extent, find healthy food a way to lower their price of food and thus be able to attract more customers. Conclusion Food adulteration has been a burning problem in Bangladesh since a few years. Especially after the initiation of the mobile court drive in 2007, widespread media attention has been given to the malpractices prevalent in the food industry. Although it seemed initially that the drive would bring fruitful results, the effort has sagged in recent times. Through revival of the mobile court drive, increase of transparency and motivation of food akers through tax benefit, we can hope to ensure that food will be kept in its own unadulterated form. [ 1 ]. Kurgan, P. Wells, R. (2006). Economics, New York, Worth Publishers. [ 2 ]. Haque, M. M. (2009). Food adulteration by chemicals and diseases. The Financial Express. Retrieved from http://www. thefinancialexpress-bd. com/2009/07/31/74799. html [ 3 ]. Mass campaign to stop food adulteration. (2011). Ret rieved from http://www. rdrsbangla. net/Resources/ContentFile/contentFile_4e82cdc5d1c17. pdf [ 5 ]. Yousuf, M. A. (2011). Nourishment or Toxin: A Critical Appraisal on the Food Adulteration Issue in Bangladesh (Part A). Business Innovation Facility. Retrieved from http://businessinnovationfacility. org/profiles/blogs/nourishment-or-toxin-a-critical-appraisal-on-the-food [ 6 ]. Food adulteration rings alarm bell. (2011). The Daily Star. Retrieved from http://www. thedailystar. net/newDesign/news-details. php? nid=198096 [ 7 ]. Khan, M. A. (2011). Rampant adulteration still a havoc. The Daily Star. Retrieved from http://www. thedailystar. net/newDesign/news-details. php? nid=193429 [ 8 ]. Amin, A. M. ; Rahman, A. S. ; Ahsan, S. ; Khan, I. H. (2004). Eating away our health. Star Weekend Magazine. 4(20). Retrieved from http://www. thedailystar. net/magazine/2004/11/01/cover. htm [ 9 ]. Consumers Rights Protection team realizes fine over Taka two lakh. (2012). Bangladesh Shangbad Shangstha. Retrieved from http://www1. bssnews. net/newsDetails. php? cat=0=223298$date=2012-01-26=2012-02-02 [ 10 ]. Jibon, S. I. (2012). KFC was sued in Bangladesh for using adulterated oil. Digital Journal. Retrieved from http://digitaljournal. com/blog/15050

Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island

Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island Japan has experienced many disasters that have caused massive loss of property and lives. In 1993, the Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami hit Okushiri Island located to the west of Hokkaido. This disaster was identified as one of the major Tsunamis that have led to destruction of property and lives.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Sources revealed that about 200 people were killed by the raging waters, and property worth about 66 billion Japanese Yen was damaged (Shuto, 2006). Fire outbreaks that resulted from destroyed power lines magnified the losses. Landslides were also rampant owing to the devastating effects of the earthquake. In Okushiri town, 29 people were killed by a landslide when a hotel built under a cliff succumbed to the strong forces of the quake (The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters, 2009). The earthqua ke affected residents both economically and psychologically. The incident left many people traumatized for losing both their property and families. In 2004, another tsunami disaster was experienced on the Indian Ocean frontier. It was reported to be greatest in the land since 1900 (Kelman et al., 2006). In fact, it was reported to be the third largest tsunami in the world. Over 227, 000 people lost lives in 11 countries and about 1.7 million others were left homeless (Kelman et al., 2006). Many children died in the waters and fire outbreaks that resulted from faulty power lines and gas pipes. Statistics also showed that more women than men died. Apart from loss of lives, there was massive damage on coastal ecosystems, coastal forests, mangroves, coral reefs, and rock formations. Marine life was adversely affected and many sea animals died due to strong waves, industrial chemicals, and liquid and solid waste. This disaster had far-reaching economic impacts compared to the Japanâ€⠄¢s 1993 tsunami in Hokkaido. Several factors contributed to the impact of tsunami disasters. Concerning the 1993 tsunami disaster in Hokkaido Japan, the geographical location of the Onkushiri town was a major factor that multiplied the damages (Shuto, 2006). This area was hit by a tsunami whose tides reached magnitudes of 11 meters in height. As anticipated, the tide washed away buildings and caused massive destruction of coastal structures.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Massive destruction of coastal buildings was also attributed to an earthquake that was experienced on the shores of the sea. In addition, fire outbreaks also contributed to the devastating effects of the tsunami (Shuto, 2006). Just as was the case with the 1993 tsunami in Hokkaido, the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami had far-reaching economic effects on the economies of affected countries. Geog raphical location was one of the factors that contributed to the severity of the impacts. Coastal lands were massively destroyed by high forceful tides (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). Vegetation and structures near the coastal waters were swept away. It can be argued that poor planning contributed to negative economic effects after the tsunami. Locating buildings and infrastructure near ocean shores was not a good idea (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). In addition, the question of educating and passing information about dangers of tsunami contributed to massive loss of lives. Governments should have issued a warning to coastal residents in order to avert the disaster (Asian Disaster Preparedness Council, 2005). This would have avoided the massive deaths in one way or another. It is the responsibility of meteorological departments to ensure that in cases of threats such as tsunami, notices are issued to residents so that they can relocate before disaster strik es. The effects of tsunami in Japan could have been reduced if a well-established land use policy had been developed (Shuto, 2006). Such a policy would have prevented establishment of structures such as buildings on coastal areas that are vulnerable to tsunamis. If such areas have to be developed, strict design standards should be developed and followed to the letter (Shuto, 2006). In addition, increased awareness on tsunami risks could as well have reduced the number of deaths in the disaster. The government should also construct barriers along the coastline to protect land from rising tides. Similar mitigation or preventive procedures could have been used during the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami. Establishment of strict building codes in areas that are exposed to tsunami inundation would have prevented massive destruction of buildings and other infrastructure (Kelman et al., 2006). It could as well have prevented destruction of power lines that caused fire outbreaks.Advertising We will write a custom case study sample on Tsunami Disasters in Okushiri Island specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Oil pipelines should be removed from these places as a precautionary measure in order to reduce the possibility of fire outbreaks that result from broken fuel and gas pipes when quakes and tsunamis strike (UNESCO, 2006). Stringent land management policies would have prevented establishment of residential and business premises near seashores, and this would have averted the massive loss of lives. Enhanced public awareness both before and during the tsunami would have given people time to prepare and evade the disaster (Kelman et al., 2006). Governments in tsunami-prone areas should consider establishing warning systems that will alert people when such disasters strike or when they are about to occur. References Asian Disaster Preparedness Council. (2005). Social and Economic Impact of  December 2004 Tsunami. Web. Kelman, I., S pence, R., Palmer, J., Petal, M., and Saito, K. (2008). Tourists and disasters: lessons from the 26 December 2004 tsunamis. Journal of Coastal Conservation, 12(3), 105-113. Shuto, Nabuo. (2006). Damage and Reconstruction at Okushiri Town Caused by the 1993 Hokkaido Nansei-Oki Earthquake Tsunami. Journal of Disaster Research, 2(1), 44-45. The Center for Research on the Epidemiology of Disasters. (2009). EM-DAT: The  OFDA/CRED International disaster database. Web. UNESCO. (2006). Five Years after the Tsunami in the Indian Ocean – from Strategy to  Implementation. Advancements in global early warning systems for tsunamis and other ocean hazards. Web.Advertising Looking for case study on environmental studies? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More

Participation Exercise #13 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Participation Exercise #13 - Assignment Example These provide an avenue for creating change for better project returns. Failure to consider these costs may result in growing variance in costs, which may indicate poor planning for the management. As one way of having surety on the actual costs incurred in the project, Carnegie found it easy to make decisions on projects knowing the actual gains he makes from them. Cost per pound figures aided Carnegie have a competitive advantage in that he could set his prices as low as he wanted just to win a bid without negatively affecting his business’s profitability. While the competitors guessed on what was best to charge on their products, Carnegie knew exactly the actual costs he incurred and the returns to expect (Spafford). Carnegie used this to make more sound decisions in his business hence the successful returns while the competitors found it difficult to compete and had their attempts at winning bids from him fail. Through these, Carnegie kept track of his variances and hence keeping his costs in

Final Exame Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Final Exame - Essay Example When individual living in the society will have a clear idea about the basics of his life then the positive aspects of the culture are also adopted by the neighboring civilizations. There are various primary functions of religion. One such function is provision of mental peace. Human being is surrounded around difficulties and insecurities therefore religion provides them the binding force. Religion also promotes positive social values such as honestly and integrity. Another function of religion is the promotion of solidarity. It provides the platform at which people of different races can unite together. Question 2: Not all religious practitioners are equal in terms of their strength of their prayers. Religious practitioners are important part of the religion since these are the real people who are transferring religion to the younger generations. Religious practitioners are classified into four broad categories. These include individualistic, shamanistic, communal and ecclesiastica l. Individualistic is the basic practitioner of the religion. Shamanistic is the part time religious practitioners who practices religion on behalf of other people which could also be his clients. Communal practitioners propagate the religious values to the group of people. Ecclesiastical practitioners are those who practice religion with a proper hierarchical structure. Catholic Church can be considered as an example of these practitioners. Question 3: The whole world has become one marketplace this is an era of globalization. Therefore immigration is inevitable in this modern world. Tourism is going to flourish in this modern era because of the changing demographics and psychographic elements of the world. Indigenous will interact with international artistic works. Only those people will survive who can provide best possible things (Nanda & Warms, 2009). Question 4: Expression of body art is becoming one of the most popular artistic works in the modern world. Instead of portraying on paper, experts are of the opinion that body expressions can describe the conceptual background in an effective manner. It is a difficult task for an artist to provide attention to details. Therefore body art is the best way to project the concept clearly. Question 5: Colonialism has played an important role in the development of modern culture in majority of the regions where British has ruled. The language of colonial areas is influenced by the culture and values of those people who have ruled them. For example Hindi has adopted various words of English language. Similarly many African countries still understand French because African countries had been French colonies in the past. There are many Muslim states like Pakistan, Indonesia, Malaysia and Turkey which have taken influence from European Colonialism. Majority of the countries which were ruled by British, have adopted their political culture. Most of the English and French colonies are still based on democratic system. L egal system is one of the key components for the efficient and effective functioning of the state. Colonial era’s law is still followed in majority of the countries with certain amendments. People living in these areas are of the opinion that they have learnt a lot from different civilization with which they have interacted. The architecture of colonial areas reflects the adoption of English or French design in the construction. Sociologists are of the opinion that interaction of two different civilizations has brought positive results for the overall development

Persuasive Speech Essay Example for Free

Persuasive Speech Essay Do you have a dog? Does anyone have a pit bull? Well I happy to say that I am a proud owner of 2 blue pits. Their names are Diamond and Jack, and I never been more in love with dog. They are just like my babies. At the end of the summer Diamond had her first litter. I was in awe’s because I was like I’m a grandmother now. They are more than a dog, they are family. II. Pit bulls are just like any other dog. It depends on how a pit bull or any other breed of dog is nurtured to determine the characteristics of the dog. Don’t get me wrong I have always been terrified of pit bulls because of all the negative press about pit bulls. I would always hear about a pit bull attacking someone or something. I would watch a show called â€Å"Good dogs gone bad.† I never heard anything positive. If wasn’t for my dad getting Jack 2 years ago I would still have a negative perspective. IV. My rival makes numerous definite opinions about pit bulls. Today I will address the myths about pit bulls and how loving and caring they are. Many rivals will often argue that pit bulls have the highest attacks on people than any other breed of dog. a. This is the biggest reason why there are so many people scared of pit bulls. You rarely read or hear about any other dog attacking someone. When you hear about a pit bull attacking someone the media feed off more about this because pit bulls are considered to be an aggressive dog. b. â€Å"Many people have a difficult time properly identifying a true Pit Bull, so added to the statistics are those dogs that have been misidentified. Considering these factors, the actual number of attacks attributable to American Pit Bull Terriers is considerably lower than represented,† according to the real pit bull. i. Do you think a 4 pound Pomeranian dog would hurt anybody? ii. Stated in the Dog Bite Law, â€Å"The most horrifying example of the lack of breed predictability is the October 2000 death of a 6-week-old baby, which was killed by her familys Pomeranian dog.† a. The American Temperament Test is a test that measures a dog strong avoidance, unprovoked aggression, and panic without recovery. â€Å"American Pit Bull Terriers passed the test at a rate of 85.3%,† according to Pitbulls.org. They have the highest test scores, and they out beat the golden retriever â€Å"family dog† by 7.7%. iii. I identify the justice of my rival’s claim, but I disagree with my rival’s 100 percent about pit bulls having the highest attacks. c. Now you can see how my rival made a mistake because they didn’t evaluate and understood the facts as clearly as they should. My rivalry will argue that pit bulls can’t be loving and caring towards people. a. There are no facts about a pit bull being dangerous or even vicious because of their bloodline. You can’t portray a negative image about a pit bull base upon one incident. b. In the article Pitbulls: Vicious or Victims states, â€Å"Our dogs obviously have a bad name,† she says. But â€Å"they’re just like any other dog; it’s just them being in the wrong hands. †¦ What we think is crucial to changing the image is educating owners on how to be responsible pit bull owners.† Do you think pit bull can save someone life? †Pit bulls get a bad rap sometimes,† Sorrells said. â€Å"But it’s all in how you train them and raise them. He’s a very loving dog,† in the article Pet Pit Bull Drags Women to Safety. I identify my rival’s claim, but I disagree with the idea that pit bulls can’t be caring or loving toward people. c. You can see again how my rival made another error of portraying pit bulls base up on only one side of the factor. Conclusion I. I have addressed the myth about pit bulls and how loving and affectionate they are. II. To determine the characteristics of the dog it depends on how a pit bull or any other breed of dog is nurtured. Honestly there isn’t a difference between a pit bull and any other dog. III. The responsibility of positive or negative actions are in the training not the breed. IV. Blaming the breed is comical.

Inflation :: Economics Economy Price Inflation

Inflation defines as an increase in the price you pay or a decline in the purchasing power of money. In other words, price inflation is when prices get higher or it takes more money to buy the same item. Interest rates are increased to moderate demand and inflation and they are reduced to stimulate demand. Monetary policy aims to influence the overall level of monetary demand in the economy so that it grows broadly in line with the economy's ability to produce goods and services. This stops output rising too quickly or slowly. If rates are set too low, this may encourage the build-up of inflationary pressure; if they are set too high, demand will be lower than necessary to control inflation. Changes in demand and output then impact on the labor market - employment levels and wage costs - which in turn influence producer and consumer prices. When the Fed increases the discount rate, it does not have an immediate impact on the stock market. Changes in the official Bank rate then affect the whole range of interest rates set by commercial banks, building societies and other financial institutions for their own savers and borrowers. It will influence interest rates charged for overdrafts and mortgages, as well as savings accounts. A change in the official Bank rate will also tend to affect the price of financial assets such as bonds and shares, and the exchange rate. These changes in financial markets affect consumer and business demand and in turn output. Changes in the official Bank rate take time to have their full impact on the economy and inflation. Some influences, such as those on the exchange rate, work very quickly. In January of 2003, Oil price spiked up 76.82% from the previous January. These have recently been some speculation on the correlation between a sharp rise in Oil price and a sharp fall in Stock prices. The way the theory goes is that a sharp increase in oil prices on the magnitude of 50% to 100% annual increase has historically resulted in a sharp decline in the stock market price.

Catal Huyuk Women Essay

The general topic is about the role of women in this early agricultural society. Catal Huyuk had a population of 8,000 people and only 2,000 houses. Also, there weren’t any streets so they had to walk along the roofs and enter their homes through their roofs. Their homes were decorated with sculptures and paintings to illustrate animals and human figurines. The author’s basic point is to explore the findings and tell from them the type of society Catal Huyuk was and the roles of both men and women. Of course there could be evidence of both matriarchies and patriarchies but finding out what were the main roles of both sexes. In today’s world we see more of a patriarchy due to men having more complex and dangerous jobs and when women do have the same job their pay isn’t equal to the men pay. Information such as women figurines was found. During the first excavations in the early 1960’s, a figurine was discovered. The sculpture was a heavyset woman sitting on a seat with an animal on each side that could possibly be leopards. It is said that the women could have worshiped a powerful mother goddess and it is likely that the figurine can be just that. It seemed that it was mostly, or started off as, a patriarchy. Ian Hodder states â€Å"cultural anthropology provides no substantiated claims for true matriarchies† (Hodder pg 78). The article has both strengths and weaknesses in my point of view. The strength of this article is the total information about Catal Huyuk and explanations of why there isn’t much evidence. The weakness of this article is that it gives more information about the settlement and not the evidence of roles. I believe that this article has been a bit limp due to the lack of evidence showing the roles of men and women. Though there wasn’t much differentiation of roles that could show that social roles weren’t important. The strongest evidence found was the diet of men and women from this settlement. The only evidence found in teeth was that women had more cavities than men but both had similar diets and lifestyles. Also, women did the cooking and men did the stone making. In addition, many births were taking place and many bodies were found of women who were pregnant that might show that women made more sacrifices. I’ve learned that finding out roles of men and women could be difficult depending on bones. But there could have been little evidence due to the unimportance of roles as previously mentioned. If our world showed no care to social roles, a lot of things would be different. Job preferences would definitely different. In some countries social roles aren’t important and therefore, they have less social and maybe economical problems than we do here. To follow up on the research presented I would search for more recent information and information from earlier research. Because only 18% of the site was excavated, more and more excavations could be done and more new information could be discovered.

The Effects of Poverty upon Crime and Disorder - 1516 Words

Poverty, Politics and Policing. ‘... Nakedness, hunger, distress of all kinds, death itself have been cheerfully suffered, when the heart was right. It is the feeling of injustice that is unsupportable to all men’ ( Thomas Carlyle 1839, cited in Reicher 2011: pp26). In order to discuss the riots in a wider context as opposed to ‘pure criminality’ we must consider the effects of structural inequality in Britain, as mentioned in the previous section of this study a vast majority of the rioters came from locales that are considered to be areas of social exclusion and vast inequality (Bennett 2013). The effects of poverty upon crime and disorder are by no means a new idea however the inequalities between ‘rich’ and ‘poor’ have grown considerably since the 1970’s with the rise of consumer capitalism and neo liberal politics ( Hall et al 2008). The policies of Margaret Thatcher and her Conservative government such as having a small state, the privatisation and closure of industry in Britain and de-politicizing the trade unions forever changed the cultural landscape of working class Britain (Hall 1997). There was a huge change in the employment market from the heavy industrial economy to the service industry. Those who were unwilling or unable to change and meet the demands of this new service industry were left unemployed and no longer had a political voice in the form of a trade union (Hall 1997). Thatcher and other neo liberal commentators stated that high unemploymentShow MoreRelatedPoverty And Its Effects On Children Essay1111 Words   |   5 PagesEdgar Perez Mrs. Prince ENG 1113 16 November 2016 Poverty in America As of 2013 approximately 45 million people in America lived below the poverty line. In an average three-person household, an annual income of $20,090 is federally considered to be at poverty level. 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