Overview of the Glencoe Massacre

Conflict:Â  The Massacre at Glencoe was part of the repercussions of the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Date:Â  The MacDonalds were attacked on the night of February 13, 1692. Pressure Building Following the ascent of Protestant William III and Mary II to the English and Scottish thrones, many clans in the Highlands rose up in support of James II, their recently deposed Catholic king. Known as Jacobites, these Scots fought to return James to the throne but were defeated by Government troops in mid-1690. In the wake of James defeat at the Battle of the Boyne in Ireland, the former king withdrew to France to begin his exile. On August 27, 1691, William offered the Jacobite Highland clans a pardon for their role in the uprising provided that their chiefs swore allegiance to him by the end of the year. This oath was to be given to a magistrate and those who failed to appear before the deadline were threatened with harsh repercussions from the new king. Concerned over whether to accept Williams offer, the chiefs wrote to James asking his permission. Delaying over a decision as he still hoped to regain his throne, the former king finally accepted his fate and granted it late that fall. Word of his decision did not reach the Highlands until mid-December due to particularly harsh winter conditions. Upon receiving this message, the chiefs quickly moved to obey Williams command. The Oath Alastair MacIain, the chief of the MacDonalds of Glencoe, set out on December 31, 1691, for Fort William where he intended to give his oath. Arriving, he presented himself to Colonel John Hill, the governor, and stated his intentions to comply with the kings wishes. A soldier, Hill stated that he was not permitted to accept the oath and told him to see Sir Colin Campbell, the sheriff of Argyle, at Inveraray. Before the MacIain departed, Hill gave him a letter of protection and a letter explaining to Campbell that MacIain had arrived before the deadline. Riding south for three days, MacIain reached Inveraray, where he was forced to wait three more days to see Campbell. On January 6, Campbell, after some prodding, finally accepted MacIains oath. Departing, MacIain believed that he had fully complied with the kings wishes. Campbell forwarded MacIains oath and the letter from Hill to his superiors in Edinburgh. Here they were examined and a decision was made not to accept MacIains oath without a special warrant from the king. The paperwork was not, however, sent on and a plot was hatched to eliminate the MacDonalds of Glencoe. The Plot Apparently led by Secretary of State John Dalrymple, who had a hatred of the Highlanders, the plot sought to eliminate a troublesome clan while making an example for the others to see. Working with Sir Thomas Livingstone, the military commander in Scotland, Dalrymple secured the kings blessing for taking measures against those who had not given the oath in time. In late January, two companies (120 men) of the Earl of Argyles Regiment of Foot were sent to Glencoe and billeted with the MacDonalds. These men were specifically chosen as their captain, Robert Campbell of Glenlyon, had seen his land plundered by the Glengarry and Glencoe MacDonalds after the 1689 Battle of Dunkeld. Arriving in Glencoe, Campbell and his men were warmly greeted by MacIain and his clan. It appears that Campbell was unaware of his actual mission at this point, and he and men graciously accepted MacIains hospitality. After peacefully coexisting for two weeks, Campbell received new orders on February 12, 1692, following the arrival of Captain Thomas Drummond. That No Man Escape Signed by Major Robert Duncanson, the orders stated, You are hereby ordered to fall upon the rebels, the MacDonalds of Glencoe, and put all to the sword under seventy. You are to have special care that the old fox and his sons do upon no account escape your hands. You are to secure all the avenues that no man escape. Pleased to have an opportunity to exact revenge, Campbell issued orders for his men to attack at 5:00 AM on the 13th. As dawn approached, Campbells men fell upon the MacDonalds in their villages of Invercoe, Inverrigan, and Achacon. MacIain was killed by Lieutenant John Lindsay and Ensign John Lundie, though his wife and sons managed to escape. Through the glen, Campbells men had mixed feelings about their orders with several warning their hosts of the coming attack. Two officers, Lieutenants Francis Farquhar, and Gilbert Kennedy refused to take part and broke their swords in protest. Despite these hesitations, Campbells men killed 38 MacDonalds and put their villages to the torch. Those MacDonalds who survived were forced to flee the glen and an additional 40 died from exposure. Aftermath As news of the massacre spread across Britain, an outcry rose against the king. While sources are unclear as to whether William knew the full extent of the orders he signed, he quickly moved to have the matter investigated. Appointing a commission of inquiry in early 1695, William awaited their findings. Completed June 25, 1695, the commissions report declared that the attack was murder, but exonerated the king stating that his instructions regarding repercussions did not extend to the massacre. The majority of the blame was placed on Dalrymple; however, he was never punished for his role in the affair. In the wake of the report, the Scottish Parliament requested an address to the king to be drawn up calling for the punishment of the conspirators and suggesting compensation to surviving MacDonalds. Neither occurred, though the MacDonalds of Glencoe were permitted to return to their lands where they lived in poverty due to the loss of their property in the attack.

Yves Saint Laurents Life Of Becoming A Fashion Designer

Yves Saint Laurent Background: Yves Henri Donat Mathieu- Saint-Laurent, who is also known as Yves Saint Laurent, was born in Oran, Algeria on August 1, 1936. He was the only boy out of three children that were birthed to Charles and Lucienne Andree Mathieu-Saint-Laurent. As young child, Yves would create dresses for his sisters and mother to wear. He also enjoyed making little doll figures. The fashion world was a place of piece in Yves world of torture. In school he was often bullied due to be homosexual. When Saint Laurent was at the age of 17 years old his mother took him to Paris to officially pursue his dreams of becoming a fashion designer. He enrolled in to a stint fashion school, but that was short live when he won a design contest. Due to winning that fashion design contest he was given the opportunity to meet Vogue editor Michel da Brunhoff. Vogue was so impress with his designs that they not only took published his them, but Yves and showed the designs to a designer and fashion icon, Christian Dior. Di or loved the designs that were places upon him and hire the young Yves Saint Laurent had his design assistant for House of Dior. In 1960, Yves Saint Laurent would leave his positon as creative director for House of Dior to fight for the French military on the South of France. He later returned home and continued on with his fashion career. On June 1, 2008 Yves Saint Laurent passed away in his Paris home from brain cancer. He was 71 years of age. Work/Style: AfterShow MoreRelatedAmerican Fashion Influenced By The First Two Waves Of Feminism3820 Words   |  16 PagesI am researching to what extent was American fashion influenced by the first two waves of feminism. During the first wave of feminism, which took place during the late 19th century and early 20th century, women fought for the right to vote, through protests, and eventually achieved this goal. Fashion was influenced during this time- going from conservative Victorian-style ways of dressing to more free ones. During the second wave of feminism, taking place in between the 1960’s and 1980’s, women fought

Sustainable Living Economic Problem

Question: Write about theSustainable Livingfor Economic Problem. Answer: Sustainability refers to the broad means to adapt, which is to try to drastically that is, to readily change from a technology that is less sustainable to a technology that is more sustainable. Sustainable innovations on most occasions depend on the regulations of government and economic problem which are reduced in terms of instability in the country. Due to most changes that occur on the environment it is hard or hard to predict any sustainability that may arise from innovations in the future or long run. The different indicators of sustainability have become useful in different countries to be able to make policies and communicating with the public to pass information about the country and how they can improve their corporate performance in different fields like environment, the economy, the society or even technology improvement. The indicators of sustainability development help to ensure that complex information is communicated to the public. There are different strategies and f rameworks used by the government for sustainable development. (Sachs 2015). According to the study by Cubukcu 2013 , it examines the corporate sustainable development and also its subsequent organizational determinants. The findings from the study found out that factors relating to resources and also other factors related to institutions influence sustainable development in any given country. The media has tried its best to address the issue of sustainable development in the country by highlighting different issues that affect the public. There are different factors that are affected or they go hand in hand with sustainability. These factors involve identification of community, participation of the public in community development and lastly the empowerment of the public in the community development. There are a number of factors to be considered for sustainability development of a given country. One of the factors is of an integrated conservation and be able to develop projects have often stumbled as a result of incorrect way of addressing of these factors. Different innovative approaches need to be incorporated to be able to integrate conservation and sustainability development. There are different approaches to be applied will include the changes necessary to institutions, management and hence decision making strategies to address the different issues to be able to meet the conservation and development objectives. There are fundamental changes and strategies that are necessary to institutions, management and decisio n-making to address sustainability development issues and also to be able to effectively meet conservation and development objectives. Sustainable living on the hand refers to one of the lifestyles in which an individual in the society tries to reduce the usage of either his personal resources or even the natural environment in the ecosystem or the environment. Some of the factors that are addressed in sustainable living are; the use of energy, transportation, consumption and also the diet consumed by the individuals in the society. The aim of sustainable living is when individuals are able to conduct their daily lives in a manner that is in line with sustainability. This can be achieved through the community shifting to energy which is renewable, reusing of materials and diversified transport system. The community living around will only move or shift to the renewable technology in use if the community builds an attractive environment to the culture of the local people and lastly if the environment can be maintained for future generations. (Ergas 2010). According to Lorek 2013 ,one of the ways of sustainable living is the conservation of water by the individuals in the society. It is more important to consider the soil and plants with the available water. There are plants and shrubs that are drought resistant and require less amount of water than the normal trees that are planted in most homes. One of the technology to be applied involve xeriscaping which is a method of selecting the plants which are drought tolerant .The technique can help reduce the usage of water by 50-70 % .The planting of trees on slopes helps reduce the wastage of water by increasing the rate of absorption of water by the plants. Another technology that has been adapted by the public in conservation of water is the adoption of drip irrigation. Drip irrigation helps conserve water by allowing small amounts of water to trickle down the plants. Also there is a layer of organic matter referred to as mulch which helps reduce the amount of water that trickle down to the plants hence allowing for the conservation of water. Other types of technology will involve dish washers which can recycle the amount of water that is used leading to sustainable living in the environment. Another way of sustainable living is the conservation of the energy used in the homes of the community. Energy needs to be conserved for sustainable development in the environment. Most of the homes depend on the green electricity which is generated from water which is harnessed .It is advisable to use different technologies to harness the electricity. One of the methods of harnessing the power will be through solar power. The different technology used to harness electricity will involve the use of photo-voltaic cells organized into panels and concentrated solar power to produce electricity. Solar power helps to conserve energy as the energy got from the sun is unlimited. Other sources of energy that can be applied involve wind energy, geothermal power from steam and many others. Sustainable transport system is another factor that needs to be addressed for sustainable development in the environment. There has been a concern of the increase in price of oil due to inadequacy, increase in climate warming due to carbon emissions and high prices of the energy. There is need for sustainable living in the sustainability of the transport sector. There is need for low cost transportation and sustainable transport system like the use of rail system which in most countries it involves the underground rail system. Countries like Holland are using bicycles as a means of transport system. It is more efficient because it helps reduce congestion, reduce the rate of carbon and noise pollution. Carpooling is also another way of reducing oil consumption and carbon emitted by vehicles on transit (Schaffers2011). Sustainable living will involve the renewal of materials, toxic substances and waste in the environment. As the population increases then it leads to more affluent in the environment. There are different ways of sustainable living concerning the renewal of materials and toxic substances. One of the ways will be to reuse the materials or even recycling the waste. There has been an increase in the level of chemical production which includes herbicides, pesticides and fertilizers which are hazardous to the environment and all the health of the people. There has been also an increase of greenhouse gas emissions, the individuals need to address this issue by using harmless synthetic chemicals and also vigorous testing of the new chemicals which does not affect the environment. Lastly sustainable living will entail the use of sustainable building materials in the environment by the public in the conservation of the environment. It is important to insulate homes because of the energy that is conserved throughout the life in homes. There are different roofing technologies that have been adapted that help in reducing the need for cooling or heating. Another important technology is the usage of energy efficient windows that will help in insulation of the house to conserve the energy (Marckmann2012) .Low e-glass is another method of window insulation. It helps keep the interior of the house warm and cold in respective seasons. Efficient utilization of energy and conservation of water are the key factors in sustainable housing and sustainable living leading to sustainability in the environment. In conclusion sustainable living and development entails people and their relationship with the environment. There is need to conserve the environment because of the value that it brings and it is scarce. For a country to have economic growth and development then it needs to take care of its environment through the scarce resources that are available through better sustainable living by the citizens. ( Liedtke2012). References Baedeker, C., Greiff, K., Grinewitschus, V., Hasselku, M., Keyson, D., Knutsson, J., ... van Rijn, M. (2014, August). Transition through sustainable Product and Service Innovations in Sustainable Living Labs: application of user-centred research methodology within four Living Labs in Northern Europe. In5th International Sustainable Transitions (IST) Conference(pp. 27-29). Cubukcu, E. (2013). Walking for sustainable living.Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences,85, 33-42. Ergas, C. (2010). A model of sustainable living: Collective identity in an urban ecovillage.Organization Environment,23(1), 32-54. Liedtke, C., Jolanta Welfens, M., Rohn, H., Nordmann, J. (2012). LIVING LAB: user-driven innovation for sustainability.International journal of sustainability in higher education,13(2), 106-118. Lorek, S., Spangenberg, J. H. (2014). Sustainable consumption within a sustainable economybeyond green growth and green economies.Journal of cleaner production,63, 33-44. Marckmann, B., Gram-Hanssen, K., Christensen, T. H. (2012). Sustainable living and co-housing: Evidence from a case study of eco-villages.Built Environment,38(3), 413-429. Mont, O., Neuvonen, A., Lhteenoja, S. (2014). Sustainable lifestyles 2050: stakeholder visions, emerging practices and future research.Journal of Cleaner Production,63, 24-32. Ooi, N., Laing, J. H. (2010). Backpacker tourism: sustainable and purposeful? Investigating the overlap between backpacker tourism and volunteer tourism motivations.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,18(2), 191-206. Sachs, J. D. (2015).The age of sustainable development. Columbia University Press. Schaffers, H., Komninos, N., Pallot, M., Trousse, B., Nilsson, M., Oliveira, A. (2011, May). Smart cities and the future internet: Towards cooperation frameworks for open innovation. InThe Future Internet Assembly(pp. 431-446). Springer Berlin Heidelberg.

The Politics of Management Thought a Case Study of Harvard Business School and Human Relations School Essay Example

The Politics of Management Thought: a Case Study of Harvard Business School and Human Relations School Essay Summary of ‘The Politics of Management Thought: A Case Study of the Harvard Business School and the Human Relations School’ HBR and HRS achieved an early success under leadership of Mayo and Donham, where HRS positioned HBS as solution to pressing social, economic and political issues. Historical context in article is about contemporary events to business leaders reacted. Alongside postwar, physical and philosophical reconstruction and labor concessions came. After few days armistice was signed, presidents announced end of labor concessions. Dewey et al advocated application of civic democracy principles to workplace, called idealists, where idealists advocate role of labor and realist advocate greater control by administrators. These debates played role in construction of HBS and HRS. Wallace Donham, was appointed as dean of HBS in 1919. At that time HBS was suffering from severe financial problems and was under attack from academicians and businessmen. The scholars criticized academic men valuing their work just to earn money to counter this problem he hired faculty from well-known disciplines such as history and philosophy. Businessmen criticized business schools, giving nothing but useless knowledge. Donham successfully brought HBS out of financial crises building relationships with CEO’s of big corporations. In 1926, Donham purposed hiring of Elton Mayo, who enjoyed a strong support in corporate circle. Beardsley Ruml, Director of LSRM felt that Mayo’s can fill the space left in the area of industrial psychiatry. Thus addressing psychopathic factor involved in industrial discontent at that time and bringing stability in industrial relation to overcome dissatisfaction and strikes. We will write a custom essay sample on The Politics of Management Thought: a Case Study of Harvard Business School and Human Relations School specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Politics of Management Thought: a Case Study of Harvard Business School and Human Relations School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Politics of Management Thought: a Case Study of Harvard Business School and Human Relations School specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Donham being very eagerly expectant of HRS wanted to project its role as a â€Å"Savior. Whereas, Mayo focused the Executives, concerned about the workers irrational and agitation-prone mind. In Hawthorne studies Mayo was criticized for having a mindset afflicted with class conflict, industrial unrest, threats to social, political and economic orders. Mayo was of the view that the human factor in industries remains highly neglected. Mayo explained contemporary events with the help of psychology. In one of his articles mayo criticized classical economics, he was of the view that economics ignore human factor. In his second article he identified uncontrolled mind as the most dangerous thing, leading to crime war and social revolution. His third article was about mind of agitator, in his view agitator is the person who blame society for the troubles he face, and as a result his mind becomes obsessed with rage. In the fourth article Mayo elaborated on the dangers of democracy that it leads to social disintegration. In the final article Mayo linked democracy with psychopathological tendencies. Mayo cited industry as having a social function and identified labor unrest a result of individual’s fundamental disorientation to life and disintegration of personality leading to disordering of values and maladaptaion to the industrial environment. Mayo argued that labor is incapable of understanding his own problems and these cannot be solved through his participation in management, opposing the stance of industrial democrats. Mayo through his research demonstrated that fatigue causes reveries producing psychological agitation leading to social unrest. This conclusion led him using psychological theories to work place. Through Hawthorne studies Mayo persuaded that clinical interview was a treatment allowing interviewee to exactly know his real problem. Mayo was influenced by psychology to view workplace problems as symptoms of underlying unconscious disorientation. On this premise he developed agenda of research for industry and convinced leaders that it will solve their worries about labor strife. We find this article very interesting, as we got to know, how Mayo and Donham fulfilled their own needs ( i. e. Mayo was dropped out of the Medical school and was virtually broke, he struggled to gain foothold in academic community whereas Donham struggled to build HBS’s financial security, as well as academic and corporate prestige, and he countered the criticism of academics and corporate) by proposing solutions for contemporary social political and economic issues.

Why I Want to Be a Teacher free essay sample

Children are our future. Therefore, it is important to provide and empower them with the best education. Education is the foremost and profound factor on the well-being and advancement of our society. To be a teacher is very rewarding to me on a personal level. A teacher, besides their parents, plays a critical role in cultivating our children to build a better society in the future. A teacher can be a role model to her students. I would love to contribute to our society by utilizing my extensive work experience and advanced education in taking on all the challenges of the important role of being a teacher. The teachers most important responsibilities are: her thorough knowledge of the subject; the ability to articulate such knowledge that is easily understood and grasped by her students; motivate her students to learn; and instill in her students the importance of discipline that will benefit them now and the future. We will write a custom essay sample on Why I Want to Be a Teacher or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page My experience is teaching my nieces and nephews on how to ski. I motivated them by showing that skiing is a fun and healthy cardio activity. It was an easy task as I was able to prove that this sport is exciting and enjoyable; and is something I reward myself with on holidays and weekends every winter. In the beginning, they were reluctant to go through the boring lessons to learn the basics and practice. I explained to them that they must first master doing the stops, making the turns, getting on and off the lift chair and so on. I reminded them the importance of mastering these basics with extensive practice before they could truly enjoy the sport; and taking any short cut can result in injury. Another important aspect in effectively teaching them was to observe and monitor their progress to identify where they needed help and focused on improving their weak spots. Then I enrolled them to the appropriate morning lessons. After the class, I discussed with their instructors about their progress and what they needed to work on. Then, I skied with them in the afternoons on the level based on the instructors recommendation and feedback. I have been taking them to ski for the past 10 years. It is truly joyful and rewarding to see them advanced to the intermediate level today. During the last Christmas Eve I skied down the black diamond(most difficult) trail with my youngest niece during our annual ski trip. As we were swooshing down the trail she turned and said, Thanks, because of you we enjoy skiing down the advanced trails today. I replied, Youre welcome young lady, it has been a pleasure and now I have myself a few skiing buddies. During the economic downturn in Hong Kong in 1970, my family immigrated to America. In contrast to Hong Kong, the education in this country is accessible, available, and affordable on all levels to the financially disadvantaged. My parents had worked in a restaurant and factory earning minimum wages while raising five children. The family siblings obtained their early education within the school system of the low-income communities; and went on to gain college degrees in the bachelor science level and beyond. Higher education opened doors for all five of us in our careers. We are forever grateful to what this countrys education system has given us. From my experience, I understand the challenges of the students in the high need areas. I can be a great asset to their education by being an innovative, comprehensive and motivating teacher. By giving these students solid education, it will be vital in enabling them to realize their full potential in their future.

Biography of Genghis Khan, Founder of the Mongol Empire

Biography of Genghis Khan, Founder of the Mongol Empire Genghis Khan (c. 1162–August 18, 1227) was the legendary founder and leader of the Mongol Empire. In a span of just 25 years, his horsemen conquered a larger area and greater population than the Romans did in four centuries. To the millions of people conquered by his hordes, Genghis Khan was evil incarnate; in Mongolia and Central Asia, however, he was widely revered. Fast Facts: Genghis Khan Known For: Khan was the founder and leader of the Mongol Empire.Also Known As: TemujinBorn: c. 1162 in Delun-Boldog, MongoliaDied: August 18, 1227, in Yinchuan,  Western XiaSpouse(s): Borje, Khulan, Yesugen, Yesulun (plus others)Children: Jochi, Chagatai, Ogedei, Tolui (plus others) Early Life Records of the Great Khans early life are sparse and contradictory. He was likely born in 1162, though some sources say 1155 or 1165. We know that the boy was given the name Temujin. His father Yesukhei was the chief of the minor Borijin clan of nomadic Mongols, who lived by hunting rather than herding or farming. Yesukhei had kidnapped Temujins young mother, Hoelun, as she and her first husband were riding home from their wedding. She became Yesukheis second wife; Temujin was his second son by just a few months. Mongol legend claims that the baby was born with a blood clot in his fist, a sign that he would be a great warrior. Hardship and Captivity When Temujin was nine, his father took him to a neighboring tribe to work for several years and earn a bride. His intended wife was a slightly older girl named Borje. On the way home, Yesukhei was poisoned by rivals and died. Temujin returned to his mother, but the clan expelled Yesukheis two widows and seven children, leaving them to die. The family survived by eating roots, rodents, and fish. Young Temujin and his full brother Khasar grew to resent their eldest half-brother Begter. They killed him and as punishment for the crime, Temujin was seized as a slave. His captivity may have lasted for more than five years. Youth Set free at age 16, Temujin went to find Borje again. She was still waiting for him and they soon married. The couple used her dowry, a fine sable-fur coat, to make an alliance with Ong Khan of the powerful Kereyid clan. Ong Khan accepted Temujin as a foster son. This alliance proved key, as Hoeluns Merkid clan decided to avenge her long-ago kidnapping by stealing Borje. With the Kereyid army, Temujin raided the Merkids, looting their camp and reclaiming Borje.  Temujin also had help in the raid from his childhood blood-brother Jamuka, who would later become a rival. Borjes first son Jochi was born nine months later. Consolidation of Power After rescuing Borje, Temujins small band stayed with Jamukas group for several years. Jamuka soon asserted his authority, rather than treating Temujin as a brother, which started a two-decade feud between the 19-year-olds. Temujin left the camp, along with many of Jamukas followers and livestock. At the age of 27, Temujin held a kurultai (tribal council) among the Mongols, who elected him khan. The Mongols were only a Kereyid sub-clan, however, and Ong Khan played Jamuka and Temujin off one another. As Khan, Temujin awarded high office not just to his relatives, but to those followers who were most loyal to him. Unification of the Mongols In 1190, Jamuka raided Temujins camp, cruelly horse-dragging and even boiling alive his captives, which turned many of his followers against him.  The united Mongols soon defeated the neighboring Tatars and Jurchens, and Temujin Khan assimilated their people rather than follow the steppe custom of looting them and leaving. Jamuka attacked Ong Khan and Temujin in 1201. Despite suffering an arrow shot to the neck, Temujin defeated and assimilated Jamukas remaining warriors. Ong Khan then treacherously tried to ambush Temujin at a wedding ceremony for Ongs daughter and Jochi, but the Mongols escaped and returned to conquer the Kereyids. Early Conquests The unification of Mongolia ended in 1204 when Temujin defeated the powerful Naiman clan. Two years later, another kurultai confirmed him as Genghis Khan or universal leader of all Mongolia.  Within five years, the Mongols had annexed much of Siberia and what is today the modern Chinese Xinjiang province. The Jurched Dynasty, ruling northern China from Zhongdu (Beijing), noticed the upstart Mongol khan and demanded that he kowtow to its Golden Khan. In reply, Genghis Khan spat on the ground.  He then defeated their tributaries, the Tangut, and in 1214 he conquered the Jurchens and their 50 million citizens. The Mongol army numbered just 100,000. Conquests of Central Asia, the Middle East, and the Caucasus Tribes as far away as Kazakhstan and Kyrgyzstan heard about the Great Khan and overthrew their Buddhist rulers in order to join his growing empire. By 1219, Genghis Khan ruled from northern China to the Afghan border  and from Siberia to the border of Tibet. He sought a trade alliance with the powerful Khwarizm Empire, which controlled Central Asia from Afghanistan to the Black Sea. Sultan Muhammad II agreed, but then murdered the first Mongol trade convoy of 450 merchants, stealing their goods. Before the end of that year, the wrathful Khan had captured every Khwarizm city, adding lands from Turkey to Russia to his realm. Death In 1222, the 61-year-old Khan called a family kurultai to discuss the matter of succession. His four sons disagreed over which should become the Great Khan. Jochi, the eldest, was born soon after Borjes kidnapping and might not have been Genghis Khans son, so the second son Chagatai challenged his right to the title. As a compromise, the third son Ogodei became the successor. Jochi died in February 1227, six months before his father, who passed away on August 18, 1227. Ogodei took East Asia, which would become Yuan China. Chagatai claimed Central Asia. Tolui, the youngest, took Mongolia proper. Jochis sons controlled Russia and Eastern Europe. Legacy After Genghis Khans secret burial on the steppes of Mongolia, his sons and grandsons continued to expand the Mongol Empire. Ogodeis son Kublai Khan defeated the Song rulers of China in 1279 and established the Mongol Yuan Dynasty. The Yuan would rule all of China until 1368. Meanwhile, Chagatai pushed south from his Central Asian holdings, conquering Persia. Within Mongolia, Genghis Khan revolutionized the social structure and reformed traditional law. His was an egalitarian society, in which the humblest slave could rise to be an army commander if he showed skill or bravery. War booty was divided evenly among all warriors, regardless of social status. Unlike most rulers of the time, Genghis Khan trusted loyal followers above his own family members- which contributed to the difficult succession as he aged. The Great Khan forbade the kidnapping of women, probably due in part to his wifes experience, but also because it led to warfare among different Mongol groups. He outlawed livestock rustling for the same reason and established a winter-only hunting season to preserve game for the hardest of times. Contrary to his ruthless and barbaric reputation in the west, Genghis Khan promulgated several enlightened policies that would not become common practice in Europe until centuries later. He guaranteed freedom of religion, protecting the rights of Buddhists, Muslims, Christians, and Hindus alike. Genghis Khan himself worshiped the sky, but he forbade the killing of priests, monks, nuns, mullahs, and other holy people. A 2003 DNA study revealed that about 16 million men in the former Mongol Empire, about 8% of the male population, carry a genetic marker that developed in one family in Mongolia about 1,000 years ago. The most likely explanation is that they are descended from Genghis Khan or his brothers. Sources Craughwell, Thomas. The Rise and Fall of the Second Largest Empire in History: How Genghis Khans Mongols Almost Conquered the World. Fair Winds Press, 2010.Djang, Sam. Genghis Khan: World Conqueror, Vols. I and II. New Horizon Books, 2011.Weatherford, Jack. Genghis Khan and the Making of the Modern World. Three Rivers Press, 2004.

Developing an Implementation Plan Research Paper

Developing an Implementation Plan - Research Paper Example Gaining Approval from Organizational Leaders So as to have a sound start to the problem analysis, the entire organization is to be working en masse aiming at elimination of the roots of the problem. Hence, for effectiveness of such a huge step, the Managing directors of the hospital are to be addressed through paper draft of the problem followed by detailed meetings that present the need to address this problem on humane level, and gaining their approval to make initiative for the change. Current Problem- A Comprehensive Insight A group of related concepts that are used to propose action that guide practice in any field including nursing is referred as a theory. A practical theory that can be applied in this concept is the Jean Watson’s Theory of Caring. This theory is based on four main concepts which are identification of human beings, health, environment /society and nursing (Daniels, 2004). According to this theory the main concern of nursing is the promotion of health, pr evention of illness, caring for the sick and restoration of health to the patients regardless of their status in the society. As such even inmates are entitled to such a treatment as envisaged in this theory. The rationale for choosing this theory is based on the order of needs by Watson into biophysical needs, psychophysical needs and psychosocial needs even among prisoners. According to Kim & Kollak (2006) the Watson’s theory of caring strives to depict, predict and explain nursing phenomenon based on relativity in providing appropriate care to patients. The foundations of nursing practice are provided by this theory through the recognition of the need rankings. This is in regard to the health care quality available for inmates while in incarceration. This shows the endeavour by the nurses to maintain professional borders and thereby enhance the quality and standards of health care to inmates. A good example is the requirement by the American Nurses Credentialing Centre (AN CC) for all nurse managers and leaders in facilities seeking accreditation have at the very least, a baccalaureate degree (ACCN, 2013). Endorsement of good health among prisoner population as for the general population is the prime objective of nursing. Perry J, et al., reported that prisoners have greater health needs owing to higher incidence of chronic disease. Generally, a prisoner possesses a vulnerable mindset due to myriad possible reasons such as unemployment, family disputes and abuse (physical, mental or sexual). The Offender Health and Social Care Strategy (DH2009a) set standards for offender health care stating that prisoners along with their families shall receive effective care and treatment equivalent to the general public. (Powell et al., 2010) comprehensively reviewed the dilemma of the prisoners from the eyes of the nursing staff. Various aspects were discussed and conclusions drawn from the results of the survey are that that a stable association between healthcar e managers and local National Health Service is required. The infrastructure of prisons and their security measures need strong collaboration with health care unit. (Powell, 2010) On the other hand, the education of the nurses has a very high impact on patient health and safety and is a major determining factor of nurse’s attitudes and actions. (Altmann et al., 2012) recently surveyed on the aforementioned line and found that nurse’