Pathophysiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 5

Pathophysiology - Essay Example In regard to presentation as per the specifications of DSM-5, bipolar disorder patients exhibit manic and depressive episodes. They experience high and low variations in behavior, energy and mood. In manic episodes, certain symptoms must be presented. They include restlessness, excitement, and lack sleep for days, racing ideas filled with new concepts of their life goals, full of thoughts and talk excessively. In depressive episodes, certain symptoms must be presented. They include low self-esteem, easily annoyed and bad-tempered and are mostly engaged in arguments and fights, lack of concentration, lack of achievement of objectives, depressed mood, fatigue, and insomnia (Peacock, 2000). In regard to presentation as per the specifications of DSM-5, panic disorder patients are expected to exhibit unexpected panic attacks as they are always suffering from immoderate worries which are uncontrollable. Moreover, patients suffering from this disease center their attention on financial issu es, absence of confidence, relationships, and hopeless future (Heimberg, Turk & Mennin, 2004). Neither substance abuse nor medical conditions are contributing factors to anxiety